Types of Evidence

In civil court cases, evidence is presented to support or refute claims made by the parties involved. Several types of evidence can be introduced in civil court proceedings, including:

1. Testimonial Evidence: This is evidence provided by witnesses who testify under oath about what they know or observed related to the case. Witnesses can be fact witnesses (those with direct knowledge of the events in question) or expert witnesses (those with specialized
   knowledge or expertise in a particular field relevant to the case).
2. Documentary Evidence: This involves presenting written or recorded materials, such as contracts, emails, letters, financial records, medical records, and any other documents that support the claims or defenses in the case.
3. Demonstrative Evidence: This type of evidence is used to illustrate or clarify facts for the court. Examples include charts, diagrams, maps, models, or any visual aids that can help the judge or jury understand complex information.
4. Electronic aka Digital Evidence: Electronic aka digital evidence has become increasingly important. This includes data stored on computers, smartphones, or other electronic devices. It can encompass emails, text messages, social media posts, and computer records.
5. Photographic and Video Evidence: Photographs and videos can provide visual documentation of events or conditions relevant to the case. This type of evidence is often used in personal injury, property disputes, and criminal cases.
6. Hearsay Evidence: Hearsay is an out-of-court statement offered in court for the truth of the matter asserted. Generally, hearsay is not admissible as evidence, but there are exceptions, such as when the statement falls under a recognized hearsay exception.
7. Circumstantial Evidence: This type of evidence doesn’t directly prove a fact but allows the court to infer a fact based on other proven facts. For example, if a person’s fingerprints are found at the scene of a crime, it is circumstantial evidence that they were present there.
8. Character Evidence: In some cases, a person’s character or reputation may be relevant, such as in defamation cases or when assessing a witness’s credibility. However, character evidence is often subject to specific rules and limitations.
9. Expert Testimony: Experts may be called to testify about technical or specialized matters relevant to the case. They can provide their professional opinions based on their expertise, which can help the court understand complex issues.
10. Admissions and Confessions: Statements made by a party that are against their interest, or confessions, can be used as evidence against them in a civil case.
11. Presumptions: Certain facts may be presumed to be true unless proven otherwise, depending on the applicable law.

Types of Evidence

It’s important to note that the admissibility of evidence can be subject to rules of procedure and evidence, which may vary by jurisdiction. Parties may also object to the introduction of certain evidence based on legal grounds. At Keis George, we have the resources to confront complex claims, provide highly personalized attention, and offer a competitive fee structure in subrogation claims. Clients may expect superior case management, information security, and most importantly, increased recoveries. Contact one of our subrogation attorneys to discuss the types of evidence further.